Blaine Kitchenware Case Study Answers Essay

1. ABOUT THE COMPANYBlain Kitchenware, Inc. (BKI), founded in 1927, is a mid-sized producer of small appliances for residential kitchens. BKI has an approximate 10% food market share of the $2.3 billion U.S. market for small kitchen appliances, with 65% of sales originating from the US market. The company is public since 1994, and the majority of the shares is controlled by the founders family (62% of outstanding shares), who likewise have a strong re rende balancen in the board of directors. Mr. Dubinski the CEO since 1992 and great-grandson of one of the founders, successfully completed an IPO in 1994 and gradually moved the yield abroad in the early 90s. BIKs current strategy is to complement its harvest offerings by acquiring small independent manufacturers or the kitchen appliance mathematical product lines of larger diversified manufacturers.The financial data at the end of 2006 reflects a strong financial position The company has raised nearly no debt, it is actually liq uid, but also under-levered. BKI is one of the strongest companies in this industry in terms of EBITDA margin (22% in 2006), high level of gold holdings and no debt. However, the shift toward higher-end product line could not prevent the margins from a slight crepuscule over the last three years. This was mainly explained by the integration costs and inventory write-downs callable to the acquisitions completed so far. The other reason was that its organic revenue yield had suffered in recent years, as some of the core products lost market share. The growth of the top line was mainly due to the acquisitions. BKIs annual return on equity is undertakeificantly below that of its publicly traded peers 11% compared to an average of 25,9 and a median of 19.5 %.Now the over-liquid and under-levered BKI is facing strong pressure from a private equity group interested in buying the companys park stock. Thus, the CEO considers a stock repurchase to avoid a hostile takeover. The company d ecided to distribute all excess cash as a dividend. The second step will be the re great(p)ization plan to hold permanently $ 300m of debt on the balance sheet, which is a difficult decision due to the graduation sign of the mortgage crisis. Moreover, the company expects annual revenue decline of 4%in 2007-2009, and a permanent 2% growth rate after(prenominal)wards.2. METHODOLOGY AND VALUATIONFrom a companys perspective, the benefit of debt is the tax shields created, which are captured by equity holders. The family-controlled company in our case has little experience with holding debt and the board of directors efficacy not easily accept the restructuring plan. What they should know is that the right amount of debt increases the sign of the zodiacs determine and discourages the takeovers. However, a too-high level of debt can lead to financial distress, bring down credit rating, and higher interest expenses. For BIK, the credit rating regressed from A (Iteration 1) to A- (Ite ration 10), gibely changing the credit spread from 1.40% to 1.65%.Our aim is to asses the how the proposed recapitalization will affect the enterprise value, after the distribution of the excess cash as dividends, by utilise APV. We judge the present value of the firm as if it were all-equity financed (VU), then we add the present value of tax shield associated with the new debt (permanent debt with market value of 300 mln USD), and subtract the present value of bankruptcy costs.We have to estimate expected after-tax in operation(p) cash flows , the expected tax shields and discount them at two different discount rates (unlevered cost of capital) and (usually , cost of debt). For the present value of the bankruptcy costs, we have to first estimate the risk-neutral hazard of default of the company.VL = VU + PV (future tax shields from debt) PV (bankruptcy costs),or rewritten asthreshold coverage ratio for defaultprobability of firm default conditional on surviving up to a speci fied periodWe start with a forecast of expected after-tax operating cash flows. We assume the annual 4% decline in revenues between 2007 and 2009 from the 2006 level, and a permanent 2% growth afterwards. Analysing the historical values of the operating margins from the Income Statement, we forecast values for the 2007-2009 period. The executives of BKI expect the firm to achieve operating margins at least as high as the historical ones. Thus, we took averages and slightly adjusted them toward higher values. Since the declining tendency in the last three years was feat by integration costs and inventory write-downs associated with acquisitions, which already have been completed.To the EBIT, estimated by using those margins, subtract the taxes, Capex, adjust for Depreciation, Amortization and change in Working capital. The capital expenditures were just over $10m on average per year. The company is expecting the Capex remain modest. Thus, we assumed a Capex of $10m for the next thre e years. We estimated Net Working Capital by using the average ratio of NWC/Net income of the last three years. Finally, we come up with the value for the operating after-tax operating cash flows for the next three years and the end value. We calculate the present value of these cash flows by discounting by the unlevered cost of capital, rU given as 8.7%, which gives us a value of the unlevered firm of ca. $566m.Secondly, we estimate the expected tax shields from the debt level a permanent amount of $300m market value, and a constant tax rate of 40%. Then we calculate their present value using the appropriate discount rate reflecting the risk, rT (or rD).For the bankruptcy cost, we have the percentage of the unlevered-firm value of 20%, but for the present value, we need to estimate the risk-neutral probability of default q. This probability is calculated iteratively starting from the coverage ratio (EBITt-1 / Interest Expense). We match the coverage ratio number with the correspon ding credit rating, which then has a corresponding default. This gives us the yield on debt y, the cost of debt rD, and the risk-neutral probability of default q. The formula for q is q=where is the recovery rate in case of default, given here as 41%. In order to calculate the expected interest coverage ratio, we took the average EBIT between 2007 and 2009 for the mean of pre-tax cash flows, as well as the according standard deviation, since our estimation is future based.2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONWe can conclude that by raising debt of $300m the company would be better of, since the value of the levered firm would be 16% higher that the value of the unlevered firm and will discourage the takeovers. However, the sensitivity analysis gives us an optimal value of debt of $354m, which would lead to an optimal ratio between the PV of tax shields and bankruptcy costs and, thus, a value of maximal levered firm of $680m, given that our assumptions for AVP will be realized in t he future.