Symptoms And Diagnosis Of Dementia - 987 Words

An estimated 47.5 million people suffer from dementia. Every 4 seconds one new case of dementia is diagnosed. Dementia is a term that describes certain symptoms such as impairment to memory, communication and thinking. It is a group of symptoms and not just one illness. Even though one‘s chance of getting dementia increase with age, it is not a part of aging. Dementia is usually diagnosed after a series of assessments that includes a physical evaluation, memory tests, imaging studies and blood work. It affects three aspects of one’s mental function, cognitive dysfunction (Problems with memory, language, thinking and problem solving), psychiatric behavior (changes in personality, emotional control, social behavior and delusions) and difficulties with daily living activities (driving, shopping, eating and dressing). â€Å"The median survival time in women is 4.6 years and in men 4.1 years† (Warren, 2016). Dementia symptoms most commonly observed by people wo uld be memory loss and an inability to complete simple mental activities such as adding or subtracting or remembering where things were placed, or a difference in a person’s normal behavior. There are times that a person without dementia will experience similar symptoms but, the difference is if these symptoms persist and do not go away after a period of time. Dementia isn’t something that happens quickly it is an illness that gets progressively worse as time passes. When a person that is effected with these symptomsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis and Description of Dementia Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesDementia is characterized as a condition where the mental processes of cognition and memory start to deteriorate. It is described as a syndrome that hinders the daily lives of those who have it and is characterized by memory and thinking impairment. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s Disease and the second most common is vascular dementia. Dementia is a syndrome occurring usually, but not limited, to people over the age of 40 and is due to brain damage caused by natural deterioratingRead MoreRole Of General Practitioners And Primary Care Providers1681 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneral practitioners/primary care providers in diagnosing dementia Primary care physicians (PCP) play a crucial role in dementia diagnosis. Older patients receive healthcare primarily from their general practitioners (GPs). [51, 52] Most patients and carers prefer their GPs to be the first source of professional help when dealing with dementia. [53-55] The Australian guidelines advocate early diagnosis by timely exploration of symptoms raised by patients and carers. [14] It would be reasonable forRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Dementia935 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Worldwide, 47.5 million people have dementia and there are 7.7 million new cases every year† (WHO). Dementia is not a specific disease. Instead, it is a broad term used to describe a wide range of symptoms that impact one’s daily functioning (ALZ). These symptoms are associated with memory, thinking, and social abilities (Mayo Clinic). While signs and symptoms of dementia can differ based on the cause, there are several common cognitive and psychological changes that occur. Common cognitive changesRead MoreEarly Signs Of A Progressive Dementia784 Words   |  4 Pagesprogressive dementia often bring discord to families, because siblings disagree on what is really wrong and chalk up the changes they are seeing to depression, boredom, a recent illness or even â€Å"allergies†. One of the family members usually suspects something like â€Å"Alzheimer’s† but the other disagree thus diagnosis is delayed. Early dementia is also known as MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) and only about half of those with this diagnosis move on to one of the more progressive dementias. So, it isRead MoreDiagnosing and Living with Dementia737 Words   |  3 Pagesthe first symptoms of dementia such as memory loss or problems with language lead to a diagnosis of the illness over varied amounts of time. It is not possible to get medication before the diagnosis. Therefore, diagnosing dementia early enables to have access to treatment, information and care. Yet according to the Department of Health, only 46% of the population living with the illness is diagnosed in the UK. The borough of Islington has an especially high rate of dementia diagnosis, with aboutRead MoreThe Differences Between Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease1162 Words   |  5 PagesWhen a lot of people think about dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, they usually use the two interchangeably and think they have to do with memory. It is tr ue that they have to do with memory, but there are major differences between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Misconceptions and lack of knowledge can lead to death or injury, which is why initiatives like Healthy People 2020 are so important. Dementias and Alzheimer’s affect a person’s daily life in many ways and it can be dangerous or deadlyRead MoreEssay on Understanding Dementia in the Elderly532 Words   |  3 PagesDepression, and Dementia are some of the most common psychological diagnoses in the elderly today. The three D’s are difficult to differentiate between in older adults because they overlap with each other and can all exist in the same patient at once. Delirium, Dementia, and Depression all affect the elderly’s quality of life and often increase the risks for one another (Downing, Caprio Lyness, 2013). For the purpose of this paper I will be focusing primarily on the diagnosis of Dementia, the preventionRead MoreDiagnosis And Tre atment Of Alzheimer s Dementia1329 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Alzheimer’s Dementia is one form of dementia. It affects over five million people in the U.S. alone (Latest Facts Figures Report, 2014). Alzheimer’s is a group of symptoms caused by diseases or disorders. Every 67 seconds someone develops Alzheimer’s in the U.S. (Latest Facts Figures Report, 2014). Alzheimer’s can take 7-10 years to fully develop. During development the brain reduces in size. Being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s changes the patient’s life significantly. He or she must makeRead MoreUnit 14 P3 M11314 Words   |  6 Pagesthe investigations that are carried out to enable the diagnosis of these physiological disorders. For the merit this assignment will assess possible difficulties involved in the diagnosis from their signs and symptoms. P3 There are a range of tests and diagnostic procedures  is needed to diagnose dementia, but there are several that are fairly commonly used to diagnose dementia. A GP might refer a person to a specialist to help with the diagnosis. For example, they may be referred to a clinical psychologistRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Frontotemporal Dementia995 Words   |  4 Pagesappropriately labeled as Dementia. However, not all areas of Dementia are reserved for the elderly. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is a rather extreme case of the all-encompassing term Dementia. FTD is caused by loss of neurons in frontal and temporal regions of the brain (Kring Johnson, 2015). The loss of these neurons actually causes the affected regions of the brain to shrink and ultimately leads to death; death usually occurs within five to ten years of the onset of symptoms (Mayo Clinic, 2014;

The Fight For Gender Equality Essay - 1357 Words

What are women? What are they? Are they serpents, wolves, lions, dragons, vipers or devouring beasts and enemies of the human race†¦. But by God! if they are your mothers, your sisters, your daughters, your wives and your companions; they are yourselves and you yourselves are them, (Akkerman 1). What are women? Better yet, how important are women? As important people, women play specific roles based on societal expectations and dictations. In the beginning, women were not seen as equal figures, and thereby restricted to gender specific roles that otherwise downplayed the significance of women. In modern times, women and men fought for gender equality, but fighting for gender equality or feminism wasn’t confined to modern times. Furthermore, the fight for gender equality was not confined to the general public; artists, scientists, writers, and poets in some form argued for gender equality. Now, this essay won t focus on every aspect of gender equality by every single influ ential person, but it will zoom in on certain notable literary figures that incorporated progressive views within their work. All things considered, the essay will analyze the role of women within Chaucer and Shakespeare s literary work while keeping the historical, Middle Ages and Renaissance, time periods in mind. More Specifically, â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue,† by Chaucer and â€Å"As You Like It,† by William Shakespeare will be examined. In doing so, the essay will uncover, not only the role of womenShow MoreRelatedThe Fight For Gender Equality Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesone that you need to place a heavy emphasis on is the fight for gender equality. We, as a country, need you to raise this precious little girl a â€Å"knower†- a â€Å"knower† that they’ll be times she’s looked at as a sex object instead of the gorgeous young woman with a master’s degree that works in the office with all men, that gender equality in not only the workplace, but also in inalienable rights, is a battle our country needs to stand up and fight together for, a nd that feminism is an important topicRead MoreThe Fight For Gender Equality1392 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst gender inequality and gender stereotypes created by society. To some people, the feminist movement is a lost cause. Lost is defined as having perished; it s expired, it is no more. Right now, our society is arguing that feminism is lost, perished, or an expired social movement because we simply don t need it; America has reached the pinnacle of gender equality. Sadly, this idea snuck its way into our country s media and minds. I am here to tell you that the fight for gender equality has notRead MoreThe Fight For Gender Equality1282 Words   |  6 PagesThe fight for gender equality in the workplace has been ongoing for fifty years. Women have been looked to as inferior in the workplace in the United States for the better part of a decade. While they have made tremendous strides in getting equalization, ladies are still cheated out of the money that men are receiving for th e same career. The gender wage gap is real and it grows over worker’s careers. Though it used to be a gap because of education between the genders, the education gap has beenRead MoreThe Fight For Equality Among Genders1687 Words   |  7 Pages THE FIGHT FOR EQUALITY Dilenny Reyes INR4603.0W59 April 27, 2015 The equality among genders is a debate that has long been fought in the international realm. Although this is time where women and men are more close to being equal than they have ever been, there are still many areas in which equality falls short. Feminism is a theory based on the rising of women in order to be equal with men. It is a theory that best represents the need for equality among the sexesRead MoreWomens Fight for Gender Equality1133 Words   |  5 Pagessuccess they contain now without the help from women. Even though men have the trait of overruling women, women continue to prove that they work diligently in their household and their workforce, and society must treat them as equals. In â€Å"Greater gender equality,† Adema points out that women devote just as much hard work as men do in life. No matter what employment gap women have from men in the workforce, women apply equal or more hours into not just one but two jobs (issue). Adema explains how differentRead MoreFeminism And Women s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality1686 Words   |  7 Pageswho despise men, or the victimization of women. By definition, feminism is â€Å"the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.† While that is an accurate description of what feminism is, in a larger context, it is a fight for gender equality. Feminism is a contribution to overall gender equality, and not only limited to women’s rights. The first misconception with feminism is that it consists of women complaining, and that women are always the victimRead MorePublic Opinion on Gender Issues: Human Rights, American Civil Rights, and Feminist Movements1328 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Movements that Significantly Affected Public Opinion on Gender Issues: Human Rights, American Civil Rights, and Feminist Movements The development of social movements in the course of human history has led to unprecedented changes that challenged the not only the status quo, but most importantly, the worldviews of societies as well. Social movements have sprung to create a new world order that defined human societies as they exist today. It is not surprising, then, that social movements likeRead MoreWomen s Role For Women1343 Words   |  6 Pagesweaker sex. Boys are raised up knowing that they are the stronger gender and that there are some tasks, which they can perform well than their female counterparts. The debate about equality for both genders has dominated the media over the years, from the times of feminism (the 1980s) to post feminism (Hokowhitu). In politics, the belief about masculinity is still a major issue that has been discussed over the years. Women fight to receive equal treatment in leadership and representation at theRead MoreGender Inequality By Emma Watson1325 Words   |  6 Pagesovercoming it. Sometimes you ve got to blast through and have faith.†(Emma Watson) Gender inequality is a problem that people face in everyday life, whether it comes in the form of gender stereotypes or a pay difference, it’s something everyone deals with. As a UN Global Goodwill Ambassador, Emma Watson is striving to abolish gender inequality around the world. She is working with the program HeForShe to make gender equality not just a conversation topic, but tangible or substantial. Emma Watson was bornRead MoreEssay Gender Inequality in the Filming Industry668 Words   |  3 Pages Gender diversity in the filming industry has been a long standing problem. It is common knowledge that in the movie industry, the male reigns supreme, whether it be leading character roles or the director. Take Star Trek: Into Darkness, for example. The director, J.J. Abrams, is male. Out of the ten leading speaking roles, only three are female, while the rest of the minor speaking roles are also predominantly male. Let’s take another movie, Pacific Rim, into consideration. The director, Guillermo

The Handmaids Tale Essay - 1732 Words

Brenda Guillen Professor XXX Class November 8, 2017 Then vs. Now, the Realities of of Atwood’s ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ in Modern Day America The novel quot;The Handmaid#39;s Talequot; written by Margaret Atwood in 1985 is a fictional novel about Gilead, a place ruled by male religious fundamentalists who rape women labeled as handmaids to bear children for infertile wives. The society encourages the enslavement of women to control their reproductive rights. While Atwood’s novel depicts a fictional place, it describes a very real reality in modern day America. In America and other parts other world, women are constantly treated as inferior to men, in regards to workplace pay, civil rights, and even access to their own reproductive†¦show more content†¦Women in Gilead worked different jobs designed to fuel the population of Gilead. They formed their own alliances and hostilities, but never rose against men who raped, abused and suppressed them (Weigel 2). Atwood wrote ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ not from her own imagination, but from events that took place in her times based on the state of the international politics (Jones 2). She recalls how her novel drew inspiration from the political stories of her time and how she took clips from the newspapers about â€Å"falling birth rates, repressive policies on contraception and abortion† (Weigel 5). To illustrate, in the 1980’s, the President of Romania banned birth control in the country as an effort to increase birth rates. The country, like the fictional one presented in the Handmaid’s Tale, were experiencing the results of climate change and pollution and wanted an increase in the population. On the home front, Americans were experiencing epidemics like AIDS, the carcinogenic effects of nuclear waste accidents and the increase of polygamy and the Mormon sect. Today we still deal with some of these issues. A future similar to the one depicted in Gilead is possible. In fact, traits of it are in play in 2017, as it was in America during the Reagan era (Weigel 7). The society in quot;The Handmaid#39;s Talequot; is close to becoming a reality as American birth rates are falling as many women can#39;t afford to have children, are incapable of producing children, or focusing onShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaids Tale Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesPaula Hawkins, a well-known British author, once said, â€Å"I have lost control over everything, even the places in my head.† In Margaret Atwood’s futuristic dystopia The Handmaid’s Tale, a woman named Offred feels she is losing control over everything in her life. Offred lives in the Republic of Gilead. A group of fundamentalists create the Republic of Gilead after they murder the President of the United States and members of Congress. The fundamentalists use the power to their advantage and restrictRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesUpon reading The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, one notices the tragedy of women losing rights. Imagine the feelings of losing all rights and freedoms; how hard the transition would be from an American society, centered on freedoms, to the society where Offred lives in The Handmaid’s Tale. Thankfully for all Americans, Atwood’s prediction of what society would become in the future was inaccurate. But, not all countries enjoy the same freedoms and luxuries as America does; the treatment of womenRead More The Handmaids Tale Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesThe Handmaids Tale Serena Joy is the most powerful female presence in the hierarchy of Gileadean women; she is the central character in the dystopian novel, signifying the foundation for the Gileadean regime. Atwood uses Serena Joy as a symbol for the present dystopian society, justifying why the society of Gilead arose and how its oppression had infiltrated the lives of unsuspecting people. Atwood individualises the character of Serena Joy, as her high status in the society demands powerRead More The Handmaids Tale Essays1979 Words   |  8 PagesThe Handmaids Tale The Handmaids Tale, written by Margaret Attwood, goes on to explore the consequences that come to be from the reversal of womens rights in a society called Gilead. It is what one can consider a cautionary tale. In the new world of Gilead, a group of conservative religious extremists have taken power, and have turned the sexual revolution upside down. The society of Gilead is founded on what is to be considered a return to traditional values, gender roles and the subjugationRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s ‘The Handmaids Tale’, we hear a transcribed account of one womans posting ‘Offred’ in the Republic of Gilead. A society based around Biblical philosophies as a way to validate inhumane state practises. In a society of declining birth rates, fertile women are chosen to become Handmaids, walking incubators, whose role in life is to reproduce for barren wives of commanders. Older women, gay men, and barren Handmaids are sent to the colonies to clean toxic waste. Fear is powerRead MoreThe Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood Essay2490 Words   |  10 PagesIn the days of anarchy, it was freedom to. Now you are being given freedom from,† (Atwood 24). The Handmaid’s Tale, written by Margaret Atwood, is a novel set in the near future where societal roles have severely changed. The most notable change is that concerning women. Whereas, in the past, women have been gaining rights and earning more â€Å"freedom to’s†, the women in the society of The Handmaid’s Tale have â€Å"freedom froms†. They have the freedom from being abused and having sexist phrases yelled atRead MoreHandmaids Tale - Manipulation of Power Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesTHE HANDMAID’S TALE Grade 11 English Analytical Essay Words: 1 245 Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale is a disturbing novel that displays the presence and manipulation of power. This is displayed throughout the novel and is represented significantly in three ways. As the book takes place in the republic of Gilead, the elite in society are placed above every other individual who are not included in their level. Secondly, men are placed at the top of the chain and they significantly overpowerRead More Feminism In The Handmaids Tale Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism In The Handmaids Tale      Ã‚  Ã‚   Feminism as we know it began in the mid 1960s as the Womens Liberation Movement. Among its chief tenants is the idea of womens empowerment, the idea that women are capable of doing and should be allowed to do anything men can do. Feminists believe that neither sex is naturally superior. They stand behind the idea that women are inherently just as strong and intelligent as the so-called stronger sex. Many writers have taken up the cause of feminismRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale Men Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesWomen’s Bodies as Political Instruments and Elimination of Sexual Pleasure: Oppression throughout Society In Margaret Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale, the idea of women’s bodies as political instruments and elimination of sexual pleasure is explored. The republic of Gilead â€Å"depicts a futuristic society in which a brutal patriarchal regime deprives women of power and subjectivity, enslaving them through a sophisticated, ubiquitous apparatus of surveillance† (Cooper 49). Offred is a girl who lives withRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale Men Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesWomen’s Bodies as Political Instuments and Elimination of Sexual Pleasure: Oppression throughout Society In Margaret Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale, the idea of women’s bodies as political instruments and elimination of sexual pleasure is explored. The republic of Gilead â€Å"depicts a futuristic society in which a brutal patriarchal regime deprives women of power and subjectivity, enslaving them through a sophisticated, ubiquitous apparatus of surveillance† (Cooper 49). Offred is a â€Å"girl† who lives

Music in the Biography of an Ex-Colored man free essay sample

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, the narrator Is troubled by the two facets of his racial identity making him incapable of determining his self-identity. Music plays a crucial a role in the determination of the narrators self-identity, he expresses admiration towards African American culture for its originality and universality, while he also reveres European culture for Its priority on intellectualism and classical music.It is clear that the narrator struggles with his self- identity throughout the novel, but by joining both of his musical roots is the narrator capable to formulate his self-identity. The narrator was conscious that there were some black and brown boys and girls (Johnson 13) at his school and that they were in some way looked down upon (13), but as for race and racism, the narrator was entirely ignorant, until his principal segregated him from the other white students in his class. For the first time In his life he noticed the Ivory whiteness (15) of his skin, which led him to ask his mother a preeminent question, Am white? Are you white (16)? His mother never gave an explicit answer, further confusing the narrator about his race; she simply admitted that she was not white, but that his father was white and the best blood of the South (16). The narrators life-changing discovery resulted into two things: he began to find company in books, and great pleasure in music (18).European culture is emotionally and intellectually significant for the narrator and plays a substantial role in his love life. From an early age the narrator is intellectually curious, reading kooks on theology, science, and history, and Is evidently Intelligent himself, since he learned to speak [French Spanish] merely by speaking (74). Classical music was emotionally important for the narrator for its connection to his life in Connecticut (75).The narrator is first introduced to music by his mother, specifically remembering those evenings on which she opened the little piano [as] the happiest hours of [his] life (10). More significantly, the narrator meets his father for the first time at the age of twelve during one of his piano lessons, initially not arousing any inconsiderable feeling of need for a father (23). He initially plays half hearted (24) music for his father, but when he notices his fathers enthusiastic.. Release It touched [the narrators]vandal (24), he showed his gratitude by playing for him a Chopin waltz with all feeling that was in [him] (24). The narrators performance established a father and son relationship, When I had finished. .. My father stepped across the room, seized me in his arms, and squeezed me to his breast. I am certain that for that moment he was proud to be my father (24). Classical music also plays an influential role in the narrators love life. It was not her delicate beauty (110) that drew the narrator to his wife to-be, It was her voice (110) that attracted him the most. On the other hand, the white singer was captivated by the narrators playing of Chopin (1 10), she often asked him to play the 13th Nocturne (1 13), and confessed her love to the narrator and also accepting his marriage proposal while she played 1 OFF important aspect of the narrators life, especially music, for its ability to produce particular work that appeals to the masses due to its significant entertainment value:The cake-walk, I think they ought to be proud of it. It is my opinion that the colored people of this country have done four things which refute the oft advanced theory that they are an absolutely inferior race, which demonstrate that they have originality and artistic conception, and, what is more, the power of creating that which can influence and appeal universally. (51) The narrator values ragtime for its ancestry and originality, but above all he esteems the musics lack of theory, unlike classical music, and its natural guidance by instinct and talent (57).The narrator relates well o ragtime music because these musicians relied on instinct and talent (57), similarly to the narrator who always tried to interpret a piece of music.. With feeling (19), and played by ear (10). The narrator cannot accept ragtime on its own merits, only when a German musician re-interprets ragtime with a mix of classical music does the narrator see the potential in that genre of music: I sat amazed. I had been turning classical music into ragtime, a com paratively easy task; and this man had taken ragtime and made it classic. The thought came across me like a flash It can be done, why cant I do it? From that moment my mind was made up. From that moment my mind was made up. I clearly saw the way of carrying out the ambition I had formed when a boy. (79) The narrator is unable to determine his respective racial identity, only when he Joins both halves of his musical roots does he feel that he can carry out the ambition he had formed before racism was ever an issue to him.But after witnessing the lynching of an African American man, the narrator consciously makes the decision to let society choose his self-identity, that of a white man, l would neither disclaim the black race or claim the white race; but that I would change my name, raise a mustache and let the world take me for what it would; that it was not necessary for me to go with a label of inferiority pasted across my forehead (106).The narrator expresses ambivalence towards his choice, l cannot repress the thought, that, after all, I have chosen t he lesser part, that I have sold my birthright for a mess of pottage (118). He recognizes the fact that he is choosing comfort over self-awareness. The narrator displays fondness for classical and ragtime music for contrasting reasons. The narrator appreciates classical music for its intellectual aspect, but most importantly for its connection with his mother and the bond it created between himself and his father.

Public Health Ethics

Ethics refer to the formulated regulations and values adopted by a community and accepted as the expected code of conduct (Bayer 2007, p.7). Morality should not be mistaken for ethics, as it is itself a part of ethics. Public health ethics is the code of conduct that is accepted as the proper guide for professionals who affect public health in the execution of their duties.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since there are no set rules for all areas of public health, the code of conduct is defined through a consensus. This is because the diversity of the public health is difficult to confine within any set definition. Therefore, a moral code in form of public health ethics that professionals whose duty is related to public health should observe in the execution of their duties and responsibilities is necessary. Prior to the middle of the twenty first century, me dical and public health practitioners thought that the best way to administer the practice of public health was through common sense and simple logic. This guide was not a standard parameter for every professional public health officer. Health officials depended on their professional judgment to make decisions, which they thought were best for the community concerned. After the Second World War, liberal practitioners and students began questioning the moral standing of some of the practices of German doctors during the war (Bayer 2007, p.4). The controversy regarding the issue led to the discarding of the classical dogma of the public health ethics. The new generation of practitioners demanded the setting up of a new set of standards for practice. In addition, the activists demanded ethically sensitive education that would endow the practitioners the moral orientation necessary for proper and beneficial public health practice. This argument emphasizes on the importance of public hea lth ethics and the legality of the term itself. The word â€Å"public health ethics† is a term used to describe certain standards or policies. These standards cannot be given a reference term arbitrarily since this reference term denotes the existence of the said standards. Consequently, abolishing the term â€Å"public health ethics† means that the said standards and parameters cease to exist. Raising the argument on whether to abolish the term automatically refers to abandonment of the reference of the term. Furthermore, this raises another debate whether the term, which covers a wide field constituting of diversified disciplines, is appropriate to use in reference to the field.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another perspective is on whether there should be any governing ethics in the public health sector. Despite these varying interpretations, the debate lies squarely on the existence and application of governing ethics in the public sector. Revolutionaries questioned the classical assumption that the decision of a professional public health officer was undisputable in the society. The logical decision had to be accompanied by suitable ethical standing to be endorsed by the majority in the society. Health practitioners’ practices such as artificial life support, artificial methods of conception, and the use of human specimen in medical research were unacceptable as morally right as much as they were accepted as the most logic inclinations of any professional public health officer. In contrast to the clinical practice, the public health sector had to develop an ethical code since strict regulations with set penalties were inapplicable in the field. Furthermore, the public health officials do not have a confidential relationship with their subjects unlike the clinical doctors. The public health field requires transparency and accou ntability by the authorities since the practice encompasses the welfare of scores of people, unlike the medical field, which deals with individual needs of a person at any single instance. Application of logic is viewed as impossible since no single logical perspective on an issue can be obtained from the public. The reformist of the twenty first century sought to separate the principles of practice in the public sector from the influence of the regulations of the medical and clinical field (Bayer 2007, p.4). Another addendum to the controversy on the legality of existence of ethics is the diversification of the public health ethics into two major ideologies, the professional ethics and the applied ethics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Professional ethics apply the principles and values of the society receiving the services, while applied ethics apply the l ogical reasoning of the professional officer. Applied ethics leave the judgment on a decision to the discretion of the practitioner. In addition, the practitioner uses the knowledge regarding the field to make the decision, which he or she thinks has then most favorable moral standing in the society. A properly planned public health ethics policy is advocated as the effective remedy in the public health sector (Bayer 2007, p.6). Beliefs, religious institutions and doctrines affect the public health ethics. However, the admissibility of religion as a governing factor in the formation of public health ethics is questionable since religious doctrines are subject to controversy and debate. Moreover, beliefs and doctrines cannot be proved on physical basics that they hold any practical implication in the health sector. Research in the health sector may involve practices and experiments that have counterproductive results towards the society. Although it is incontrovertibly true that ther e have been major achievements in the public health sector through research, the nature and extent of the reach schemes may be limited by the public health ethics. Consequently, a deadlock emerges on how and where to put a boundary governing research projects within the public health ethics code. This raises another debate on whether the public health ethics should be a written down policy with strict regulations, or whether a professional should define and apply the ethics in an individual manner (Eckstein 2003, p.150). Human life in whatever form and capacity is deemed precious. Public health professionals play a major role in the protection of life. However, the equality of public health services has never been realized anywhere in the world. The rich and influential individuals are always at a position to afford high quality services, while the poor rely solely on the government to offer whatever health care services it can afford. Therefore, the choice of the nature of public h ealth care services is determined by financial ability. This fact, and the theory that there should be ethics to determine the general nature of services the public gets, seems to form a paradox. In this respect, the moral foundation of the ethics is found to be unsatisfactory (Boylan 2004, p.64).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another setback to the integrity of public health ethics is the lack of definite standards for morals. Morals depend on a society’s values and behavioral inclinations. They are said to be dependent on culture and custom, and a relative phenomenon. This renders the public health ethics a formulation by the aristocratic and bureaucratic class to strengthen their hold on the society (Merson et al 2006, p.55). However, the society may put itself in jeopardy by accepting the ideology that morals are not common to all people and are functional within a particular group that embraces them. Consequently, an element in a society has the freedom to suggest any kind of moral justification on a particular pervasive act if the act itself has never been experienced by that particular society and perspectives are localized within communities or geographical regions. The importance of some form of ethics is manifested by this need of some ethical parameters when taking action on a public hea lth problem (Seedhouse1998, p. 22). Another argument that brings controversy into the public health care ethics is the discretion of the public healthcare professional in choosing between doing what is within the set ethics if any and doing what is best for the community. Often, a public health worker has knowledge and experience in the field of specialization such that the professional knows when an action is beyond the governance of ethics. The professional may choose not to exceed the boundaries of ethics in a bid to solve a problem that needs emergency attention since the ethics allow him or her to do so. It is argued that practitioners affecting the public health sector should be allowed to decide on the most appropriate action for the community they are serving (Novick 2008, p.154). Seeking to restrict practitioners within certain regulations gives them justification to strictly outline their duty in professions that otherwise requires a lot of dedication and sacrifice. These kinds of ethics may erode the noble nature of the public health sector and could reduce the efficacy of public health workers. An example of this freedom is manifested in clinical medicine where doctors’ responsibilities cannot be monitored closely. The doctor does what is best for the patient and some level of trust has to exist between the two parties. However, the doctor has the freedom to abstain from providing the patient with the most effective treatment since the ethics may not require him or her to do so (Ashcroft et al 2007, p.25). This illustrates how the administration of public health ethics could become irrelevant if applied strictly. This theory stipulates that although ethics must be present in the public health, the priority of the application of these ethics may come either below or above the worker’s professional authority. In addition, the argument states that abolishment of the public health ethics altogether may result in an imbalance, which in tur n presents the danger of losing the concept of accountability in the discipline. The application of the ethics should be structured in such a way that when solving a problem, there is a criterion for determining which opinion is to be considered first. This suggests that there are times when the health professional’s opinion will come first, and other times when the set code of conduct will be considered first (Ashcroft et al 2007, p.27). Public health cannot be specialized or integrated into other fields. It is a multidisciplinary field, which incorporates aspects of the government, politics, social values and the economy. Professionals in all these areas are responsible for the formation of a sound public health sector. Coining ethics, which covers the conduct of the players in all these disciplines, could be a difficult task. Professionals from each discipline can argue that their field is entitled to the same consideration as the public health sector on issues of mutual i mportance. This position makes it difficult for these professionals to account for their actions in relation to the public health sector. Moreover, this situation seeks to prove that ethics formulated within the public health sector to govern all aspects of the society in relation to the public health are unrealistic. However, the term â€Å"public health ethics† can be used to refer to code of conducts formulated within each sector of the society’s existence to regulate, govern or guide the nature of the relationship between different disciplines and health. In this form, the term â€Å"public health ethics† will take different meanings in the respective disciplines. Consequently, the importance of the health of the population is magnified (Peckham Hann 2010, p.22). This kind of magnification is warranted since public health is a critical requirement for the stability of all other disciplines. Public health can also be sufficiently justified as a purely academ ic field where academicians analyze the relationship between various disciplines in public health issues. An academic field is an area of study, which identifies the problems affecting certain issues and the solutions to these problems. The existence of public health ethics as an academic discipline is not debatable since it involves research and dissemination of knowledge. However, application and practicability of the findings and the principles developed by this study could prove to be a controversial (Peckham Hann 2010, p.24). The study and research work seek to establish an efficient healthcare system for the population. Effective research can only be done under public health since it covers all the aspects affecting the healthcare sector in a certain area. There must be an existence of a comprehensive field, which is the public health ethics, if research on the health sector it to be generalized. Facts concerning various determinants of the quality of the healthcare such as e pidemiology cannot be analyzed without the existence of the field of public health ethics (Eckstein 2003, p.34). Although public health ethics is a discipline with controversies ranging from the legality of its existence to the limits of its application, it has survived criticism. In analysis of all aspects of the public health ethics, the term has carried some broad meanings in it. The word â€Å"public health ethics† has questionable grounds when applied directly to clinical medicine and other closely related fields such as nursing. However, the term has proved to be of cardinal importance in describing the conduct of all professionals in the society who affect the quality of the healthcare system. Its usefulness has been expounded by its impacts. Every aspect of the government and social structure is more aware of the role of public health ethics in building a more effective healthcare system (Lee 2010, p.33). The term is used to instigate responsibility in professionals f rom various disciplines putting the public health at the forefront of the priorities of every individual (Gostin 2002, p.24). Finally, one can conclude that the term† public health ethics † cannot be easily discarded, but can be applied to give different meanings to avoid the perspective that the healthcare profession is being given an undeserved favor. The public population is the most important part of any country, state and the whole world. This component of the society plays a significant role in all aspect of development as it struggles to make progress in the social, economic and political aspects of the daily life. It is therefore significantly important for the public health sector’s management to deliver effective and efficient services to the public. Decisions made by solely considering professional and technical knowledge are most likely to be unfavorable to the public. When dealing with a large population, the people’s opinion matters a lot. The refore, the concerned individuals must act in a way that is approved by the public (Peckham Hann 2010, p.18). This kind of conduct can be governed by some guiding principles that are not necessarily rules or laws laid down by the constitution. The guiding principles must be based on the concerned society’s morals and values. Such an approach ensures that ethics bestow responsibilities on all professionals holding positions that deal with issues of public health in the society. In this regard, public health ethics are necessary in distinguishing the governing principles from the regulations of various public sectors and particularly the clinical practice ethics (peckham Hann 2010, p.20). In addition, Public health ethics are important for guiding social, political and economic institutions. Professionals are guided by the ethical morals in finding solutions to problems of great significance in the health sector rather than being guided by the limits set by the law or whateve r influencing authorities advocate. Public health ethics ensure that public health issues are dealt with moral accountability, which must be observed by all members of the society. References Ashcroft, R. E. (2007). Principles of health care ethics (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley Sons. Bayer, R., Beauchamp, D. E. (2007). Public health ethics: theory, policy, and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Boylan, M. (2004). Public health policy and ethics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Eckstein, S. (2003). Manual for research ethics committees (6th ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. Gostin, L. O. (2002). Public health law and ethics: a reader. Berkeley [u.a.: University of California Press [u.a.]. Lee, L. M. (2010). Principles practice of public health surveillance [edited by] Lisa M. Lee†¦ [et al.]. (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Merson, M. H., Black, R. E., Mills, A. (2006). International public health: diseases, progr ams, systems, and policies (2nd ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett. Novick, L. F., Morrow, C. B., Mays, G. P. (2008). Public health administration: principles for population-based management (2nd ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Pub. Peckham, S., Hann, A. (2010). Public health ethics and practice. Bristol, UK: Policy. Seedhouse, D. (1998). Ethics: the heart of health care (2nd ed.). Chichester: John Wiley. This essay on Public Health Ethics was written and submitted by user Alanna Ratliff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why did Europe undergo such a bloody and destructive period from 1914

Why did Europe undergo such a bloody and destructive period from 1914 The period 1914 to 1945 was the bloodiest and most destructive in European history. The period was characterized by wars, confrontations, and rivalry among nations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Europe undergo such a bloody and destructive period from 1914-1945? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This rivalry led to World War I and World War II. Many people lost their lives during this period as nations rose against each other, property worth millions destroyed, and Europe’s hegemony lost (Heyman 32). The once mighty Europe was divided into two influential spheres. There emerged â€Å"Soviet† and Western spheres of influence, each pursuing different ideologies. The period 1914 to 1945 is the bloodiest in the history of Europe since it is the period in which World War I and World War II occurred. World War II alone claimed approximated 22 million military and 40 million civilians, the highest num ber of casualties ever (Kirk 46). There are many reasons that drove Europe to war and brutal killings. Some of the reasons were misunderstandings among leaders that had lasted for decades, while others were a result of spontaneous reaction to aggression from other nations. Though it is not possible to point a single reason for the aggression witnessed in Europe around 1914 to 1945, the following factors must have contributed greatly to the war. Formation of alliances by the countries played a great role in triggering the bloody war. Tension among European countries had long existed. However, the rise of nationalism and imperialism furthered the tension among states forcing them to seek alliance with states considered friendly for fear of attack. Other countries soon â€Å"joined the race and formed alliances† to further their interests too (Martel 78). Germany first joined Austria-Hungary and were later joined Italy to form the Triple Alliance. Russia soon joined France to wo rk together and protect each other if attacked. The Triple Entente Alliance was finally formed in 1904 when Britain joined France and Russia. With support from alliance members, the countries were definitely craving for war. It was not long when the war begun pitting the Triple Alliance against the Triple Entente Alliance. Frankly, if the alliances never existed, the war could have been avoided. The tension that existed that eventually led to the European wars was also a result of imperialism. Imperialism pushed countries to colonize other countries and to form political empires that acted as overseas states for raw materials and market for finished products. From the 15th century, European countries had begun colonizing other countries for industrial inputs and markets. However, the main contest came in 1870 when Britain, France, Italy and Germany almost clashed in the scramble for North American territory (Heyman 38). The same problem reoccurred in Africa as the scramble for parti tion continued. Many countries were discontent with their possessions while other like British had conquered too much for it to control.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This led to a bad feeling among the nations, which also contributed to the war. Rise of nationalism in the states was another reason for the war. People who spoke the same language, had a common historical origin, and cultural beliefs, viewed each other as family. This â€Å"family† feeling bonded them together and made them support their nation faithfully. Lee states that, â€Å"Leaders, in their bid to unite their people to join war, used nationalism to generate and consolidate their support† (113). Nationalism was particularly popular in Germany, Italy, and Japan. It is worth noting that nationalism in Japan had been widespread as people diligently served their leaders without complaint. Howeve r, the German leader Bismarck, in his attempt to unite the Germans used their passion and love for war to his advantage. The rise of dictators to power in many countries in Europe was also another possible cause of the war. The period of 1914-1945 saw the rise of dictators such as Stalin of Russia, Benito Mussolini of Italy, and Adolf Hitler of Germany. These leaders ruled with iron feast and wanted to assert their authority in the entire European region. This made them recruit many soldiers to help in conquering new lands and extending their territories. Eventually, this greed and desire for fame and control brought them to conflict with other European nations. In 1937, Japan invaded and subdued the republic of China, which angered many European nations. In 1939, German’s aggressive behavior eventually brought all European nations against each other when she attacked Poland and Soviet Russia. Officially, the declaration of World War II followed the two aggressive attacks tha t lead to great destruction of property. Arms race among the nations was also a direct cause of the war that led to the brutal killings in Europe. By 1914, Britain was the largest empire by both size and wealth (Martel 78). The German king of the time, Kaiser William II, was not impressed with Britain’s superiority. He invested heavily in building of warships to rival Britain. This made Britain to build even more ships and to increase her navy to remain superior arms wise. The result was a competition that only increased tension and readiness for war. With such developed weapons, the countries were ready to go to war at the slightest instigation. The attempt to stop the rise of communism by Central and Western European powers also sparked the war. In November 1917, radical Bolsheviks rose to power in Russia. Further, they moved to topple other regimes like Hungary and Bavaria, which they occupied briefly. Seeing the activities of this violent communist group rising and rising , the central and western European countries had to move in to stop them for they feared that the revolutions would move to their countries. The decision was a grave mistake as other militia groups and nations joined the race. The immediate cause of European countries conflict was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand by G. Principe. What followed the assassination was retaliation and war that lasted for years. The assassination easily sparked war since the countries had been in tension for some time. The tension among nations was a time bomb waiting to explode.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Europe undergo such a bloody and destructive period from 1914-1945? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The arms race provided weapons while the colonies provided capital, seriously fueling the war and increasing the number of casualties. The result was a brutal, ruthless and bloody killing of innocent people. In conclusio n, it is evident that the civil war that engulfed Europe in the period 1914 to 1945 was surely divesting. The war was especially notable for the political rift it created between nations. Thousands of people, both soldiers and civilians, lost their lives. Despite the effort made after 1945 to unite the European nations, the damage done could not be repaired. For centuries, it will still be bitter memories for the descendants of those who perished in the war. Some of the effects of that war still exist especially in Japan where the United States of America dropped bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Heyman, Neil M. World War I. London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997. Print. Kirk, D. Europes Population in the Interwar Years. New York: Taylor Francis, 1969. Print. Lee, Stephen J. European dictatorships, 1918-1945. 2nd. London: Routledge, 2000. Print. Martel, Gordon. A Companion to Europe 1900-1945. 10th. Califonia: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Print.

A Guideline for Conducting Research

A Guideline for Conducting Research Here is a guideline on conducting research for writing a research paper or any kind of essay. Research can be defined as systematic investigation and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Research involves collecting data on a given subject that usually relates to the real world. Data includes information found in surveys, interviews, observations, primary/secondary sources, journals, magazines, and books. In the academic setting, the research obtained on a subject will be used by the student in a paper or essay of some sort. Questions to Answer When Conducting Research: What do I want to discover? How do I plan on discovering it? (Recognized as research methods/methodology) Who am I going to talk to? Who or what will I be observing?   What are my biases about this topic? How can I make sure my biases are not reflected in my research methods? What do I expect to discover? Regardless of the assignment, the writer at the college level usually needs to conduct research before anything else – long before they ever put a word on paper. It involves hours spent doing some kind of work to answer a question, which is either determined by the student or the assignment instructions. If you need to choose a topic to conduct a research on here are some lists that may help you: 60 Best Research Paper Topics Argumentative Essay Topics A Guideline on Conducting Research 1. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. There are many experts and resources on a college campus. The student should if they’re having trouble conducting appropriate research, talk with their professor who has given them the assignment. In most cases that professor will be more than willing to direct them to a good place to start, usually the college’s library or to online academic sources. Librarians are there to help, as well. It is their job to direct students to sources where they can find information on any given subject. 2. Read extensively on that subject. The more a student reads on a subject, the better they will understand it   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ which means they will be better able to write at length on it and in a professional manner. There is a good chance someone else, in the best scenario, a scholar, has researched a subject or topic extensively and has already produced a lengthy treatise on that subject. The student should search for these treatises to learn the basics about this subject, and to understand the issues or controversies that surround it. 3. Know the reason for gathering the information. This helps the student decide what exactly they are looking for, how much information they need, and what they are going to do with the research they find. Not all the research the student finds needs to be incorporated into their paper; most of the time, research helps a student to better understand a topic in general, which helps make their paper’s content more clear, concise and accurate. 4. Look for credible sources. This includes being skeptical about the sources the one finds – as not all are helpful, credible or even accurate. Since issues change and evolve, it is also best for a student to obtain and identify scholarly sources that have been currently published. A student unsure of the legitimacy of a source should ask their professor or librarian for help, or to teach them how to identify a worthy scholarly source. When the process of conducting research is completed a student is to start writing a research paper. Here is a guideline of research paper writing: How to Write a Research Paper The process of conducting research effects the goals set thats why its important to make this process effective and gather all information on the topic possible. If you dont have time to gather information and write a research paper you may outsource your assignment to a professional writer.